Norfolk Virginia, Main Street, 1917

At the turn of the 19th century, Norfolk, Virginia's economy was deeply rooted in its maritime activities due to its strategic location along significant waterways. The city thrived as a critical port for importing and exporting goods, with tobacco, cotton, and timber being among the primary commodities traded. This period marked Norfolk as an essential node in both domestic and international trade networks.

The maritime industry was central to Norfolk's economic vitality, with shipbuilding and related services growing alongside the trading activities. The presence of naval and merchant ships contributed to a bustling waterfront, where various businesses catered to the needs of the maritime community. This included chandleries, which supplied ships with necessary provisions and equipment, and warehouses for storing goods.

Shipbuilding yards and repair facilities were vital to Norfolk's economy, given the constant demand for vessels and maintenance. These establishments not only provided services but also employed a significant portion of the local workforce, including skilled craftsmen like carpenters, smiths, and sailmakers.

Additionally, Norfolk served as a hub for the regional agricultural economy, with its port facilitating the export of crops and the import of manufactured goods and luxuries. This trade supported ancillary businesses such as cotton and tobacco warehouses, brokers' offices, and banking institutions that financed the trade and shipping ventures.

Local commerce flourished with the growth of the port, leading to the establishment of various retail stores, markets, and service businesses that catered to the residents and the transient maritime population. The urban landscape of Norfolk began to reflect its economic prosperity and strategic importance with the development of infrastructure to support its role as a commercial hub.